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Women of Mormonism
Chapter 15 - The Beauties of Polygamy
THE WOMEN OF MORMONISM:
or
THE STORY OF POLYGAMY
As Told by the Victims Themselves.
Edited By
JENNIE ANDERSON FROISETH
Editor of the Anti-Polygamy Standard, Salt Lake City,
PUBLISHED BY
C.G.G. PAINE, DETROIT, MICH.
1886
Copyright, 1881 and 1882
By Jennie Anderson Froiseth
A Saintly Husband.-A
Wedding and a Funeral.-The Trio Victorious.-"It Rejoices Mother Beyond
Measure."-"I Prefer to Scratch for Myself Now. "-" I am Heart-Broken.
"-The Black Eye.-An Eastern Lady.-Four Wives and Three Beds. -Sixteen Children
Left.-Peculiar Consolation.-Would Visit His Sick Wife Next Sunday.-Would not
Harmonize.-Arraignment of Polygamy by a Victim.
[174] THE following incidents,
illustrating the loveliness of the so-called celestial marriage system, have been
furnished us either by the participants in or eye-witnesses of the scenes they describe.
We do not venture any comments, but simply leave our readers to judge for themselves as to
the holiness of this divine ordinance.
In a settlement not many miles from Salt Lake City, lives a bishop,
who was the saintly husband of two wives; but being desirous of still higher celestial
glory, he determined to add another to his kingdom, a young girl of seventeen years of
age, whose salvation he wished to insure. He had a large family by each of his other
wives, and his youngest child was several months older than the girl he intended making
his third wife. She did not object, because [175] the bishop was said to be a man of
considerable means, and had the reputation of being good to his family.
During the courtship, which was brief, but exceedingly ardent, his
legal wife was taken very ill. Notwithstanding that, the lover and bride elect repaired to
Salt Lake City, and were sealed in the Endowment House.
When they returned home a grand feast was made in honor of the
occasion. Neighbors and friends were bidden from near and far to do honor to the event.
While the festivities were in progress one blunt old lady remarked, "Brother B., does
it not seem a little out of place to have this affair while sister Jane is so ill? What if
she should die ! " "Well, sister," was the reply of the tender husband
"it is rather rough on Jane that she can't join us; but we thought best to have the
wedding now, because if Jane should die, you know we couldn't have a party right after a funeral."
The poor old lady died a few days afterward, and the husband of her
youth, and the father of her ten children, was present neither at her death nor burial. He
was on a wedding journey with his new wife. Her last words were: " an eternity of
happiness could not recompense me for the tortures I have endured in this last week, to
say nothing of what I went through before, in twenty-five years of polygamy."
The daughter of this woman said to the writer, “Polygamy is
responsible for the death of my [176] mother. When father commenced courting that girl,
she fell ill, and she was struck with death on the evening of the wedding party." and
yet there are people who profess to believe that this system has been ordered by God.
The next incident is a beautiful illustration of the holy and benign
influences with which the celestial system surrounds the women, and shows how sweet and
heavenly it renders their dispositions.
An elder who had three wives thought it his duty to take a fourth.
The three women banded together, and determined to make it warm for their celestializing
spouse, and his new affinity who was a stranger in Zion, having come in by a recent
emigration. Their first act was to secrete all the eatables in an out-of-the-way place, so
that when the bride and groom returned to the house after the long and fatiguing
ceremonies at the Endowment House, there was no supper prepared for them, nor the
slightest indications that they would receive any temporal refreshment whatever. There was
absolutely nothing eatable to be found in the house, and neither Susan, Mary, nor Eliza
could be coaxed or threatened to produce anything.
At last the baffled husband took his bride to the house of a
compassionate neighbor, who regaled them with a comfortable meal, and with whom they spent
a pleasant evening, not going home until nearly midnight. Upon arriving there, they found
the doors securely barred, and no amount of knocking could get them opened. After vainly
endeavoring [177] to obtain entrance, standing in the pouring rain for nearly half an
hour, they repaired again to their hospitable neighbor, who provided them with a shelter
for that night.
Mrs. Lydia M. Tichenor, Chicago
The next day the elder found another home for his young wife. There
was a scene in that family it may be well imagined; but the old man promised to forgive
the indignity offered to himself and bride if the other women would keep it quiet, in
order to void a scandal in Zion. It did leak out, however and one of the women said, in
the hearing of the writer, that nothing in her life ever gave her as much satisfaction as
the fact of those two standing at midnight in the pouring rain. And yet, ordinarily, this
woman was very kind hearted, and has been known to do numberless humane and charitable
deeds.
Another incident of the same order comes to us from a source whose
reliability cannot be questioned.
A very prominent member of the Mormon priesthood, who had a large
number of wives, had married a young girl with whom he was completely infatuated, and who
embraced every occasion for exhibiting the power she had obtained over the old gentleman.
His other wives were entirely neglected, and he was as devoted to his new favorite as a
youthful lover is to the first object of his affections.
A girl companion of one of his first wife's childhood said to her one
day: " Does it not grieve your [178] mother to see your father paying so much
attention to his new wife? I should think it would annoy her exceedingly. He is making
himself the town talk on account of that girl."
"On the contrary," was the reply, " it affords her, as
well as the other wives, the greatest delight. You know that Emma (another plural wife,
and former favorite of the old man) has had everything her own way, and been father's pet
and idol for years. You know how she has lorded it over the other women, making even my
poor old mother stand aside, and how she has boasted that she ,should never be superseded
in his affections. But she as now getting her turn.
It rejoices mother beyond measure to know that she is now experiencing the tortures that
she has made others suffer." And yet this old lady, who took such delight in the
knowledge that the other "was getting her turn," was a lovely and amiable
character when not controlled by the pious influences of the divine ordinance.
There was a certain good Saint living in Zion, who had three wives
already, and about sixteen children, but he felt duty urging him to live his religion to a
still greater extent, and to enlarge his kingdom still further; so he began to pay his
addresses to a youthful companion of one of his daughters. Although born and reared in
polygamy, she had no particular desire for celestializing, having seen enough of its
effects.
Consequently the old man's advances were not received with the warmth
he desired.
One day, while endeavoring to gain her consent, [179] and speaking of
the advantages of the divine ordinance, she met him with the question: " Brother M
you are not a rich man; you do not, or cannot, provide for the families you have already;
how do you expect to support any more ?"
"Oh," was the reply, "I have taken care of the old
ones long enough; they must now do like the chickens, turn out and scratch for
themselves." "Then I suppose I
should have to do the same thing after awhile," said the girl. "I prefer to
scratch for myself now."
The words of this Saint are characteristic of Mormon polygamy. When a
man wants new wives, he can turn the old ones out to "scratch for themselves.”
It is not often that casual observers will discern much of the
heartaches and jealousy which invariably exist among women living in polygamy. The
greatest pains are taken to preserve an appearance decorum, and conceal the unpleasant
features of the system from the gaze of strangers; but in spite of all efforts they will
sometimes come to the surface, so that even they who run may read.
We saw, not long ago, in the waiting-room of a road depot, a scene
that was enough to have chilled the heart of any woman.
A man who had three wives was preparing to take a journey,
accompanied by the legal wife and one of the plural women. The latter was dressed in gay
attire, and was very busily coquetting around him, while making preparations for travel.
[180] She seemed to be as happy as a bad woman can be while torturing some rival for a
man's attentions.
Off in one corner, entirely alone, sat a lady dressed in plain garb,
almost presenting the appearance of mourning Her close watchfulness of all that was
transpiring between the man and his concubine attracted general attention.
We knew the man and woman she was so closely watching, and it did not
take even strangers long to discern the situation. Every feature of her countenance showed
suffering and blasted hopes. Tears were coursing their way down the furrows in her faded
cheeks, which had once been as fresh as rose leaves. She was the first wife, who had been
robbed of the affections of a once kind and loving husband.
His own passions and the counseling of the priesthood had driven him
into polygamy, and this first wife was living such a life of torture that her every look
and action said to the world, "I am heart-broken."
The long journey she was going to take with her recreant husband, had
few if any bright prospects for her, while the happiness of the other woman seemed only to
be inspired by jealousy and gratification in her success as a rival. And yet there are
people who will assert positively that the women are happy and contented in polygamy!
The following anecdote was related at a meeting of the Anti-Polygamy
Society, by one of its members, and the lady to whom it refers is the wife of one of those
good brethren who delight in preaching [181] about the divine ordinance, and who will
inform credulous strangers that "nowhere on the earth is woman so highly honored and
so tenderly cared for as among the Mormons."
"A neighbor of mine, the first wife of a prominent Mormon,
living at present in Salt Lake City, came into my house some little time ago with her
otherwise handsome and intelligent face sadly marred by a black eye. Being aware that the
celestial order of marriage sometimes occasions peculiar occurrences in the household, we
refrained from making any allusion to the disfigurement until she apologized for it,
saying, ' This is one of the fruits of our holy religion. '
"We asked for an explanation, which was given in the following
words: ' You know that my husband had lately married my servant girl, and they are billing
and cooing like young turtle-doves. Nothing in the house is good enough for her, and I
have so far forgotten my duties as a Mormon wife as to be unwilling to recognize her as
the entire mistress of the house, which, as it
happens, is mine, and not my husband's. It and everything in it was given me by my father.
Yesterday she graciously informed me that if I behaved myself I might remain, otherwise
she would turn me out of the house. Unfortunately I had the audacity to resent this
remark, and was commencing to give her a dose of her own medicine by putting some of her
things out of doors, when my husband came home. For this exhibition of a wrong spirit, he
whipped me [182] severely, leaving the marks you see, and upon leaving the room he
remarked, 'I am determined to live my religion if it kills us all."'
An Eastern lady who was visiting Zion a short time ago was captured,
so to speak, by a female apostle of polygamy, who assured our Eastern friend that the
women living in the celestial ordinance were perfectly happy; that they would not exchange
their fraction of a saintly husband for the undivided affection of the best sinner that
ever lived; that the children born in plurality were equal or superior to those of
monogamic origin; and in short, that all the statements which have been published in
regard to the beastliness and brutality of polygamy were base fabrications, invented by
vile apostates or wicked Gentiles.
Our traveler would have left Zion with very vague and unsatisfactory
ideas, as all she had read previously about the institution was so entirely at variance
with what she heard from the polygamic sister, had she not met accidentally a member of
the Anti-Polygamy: Society, who exhibited to her gaze the other side of the picture.
She introduced her to some women whose happiness had been blasted,
their lives blighted, and their homes ruined, by the infernal doctrine. Of course, much
that she was told seemed incredible,-so incompatible with her ideas of modesty and
decency, let alone religion, especially the facts of consanguineous marriages, and two or
more women living with the same man, and raising children to him in a house of one or two
rooms.
[183] We do not wonder that decent people cannot believe that such
things exist in a Christian land. But an incident occurred not very long ago which
illustrates this peculiar beauty of the polygamic system.
Three young men, pleasure seekers, left one of our cities for a
fishing tour in one of the valleys of the mountains. After being out a few days, one of
the number was taken ill, and as a severe storm was evidently approaching, they went to a
small settlement near by, and asked for shelter in a small house on the outskirts of the
place. They found that the house contained only one room, and that not very inviting, and
from all appearances there were as many occupants for the three beds as Serepta Smith had
when her house was invaded by church delegates, as related by Josiah Allen's wife, in one
of her books.
Our tourists would fain have sought more comfortable quarters, but
the invalid could go no further without endangering his life. One of them staid in the
house to nurse his friend, while the other slept outside in their traveling wagon.
They soon discovered who were the occupants of the cabin, and they
were indeed a saintly crew. A man, his three wives
and their families, had been living there for a number of years. One of the women
apologized for being just then a little more crowded than usual, because that day the old
man had brought home a young bride, which rather contracted their accommodations for
strangers.
If some of our Eastern doubters could step in and [184] spend the
night in one of these hotels, we think their doubts would be set at rest forever in regard
to the beauty of polygamy.
A life of only a few years in Utah is enough to give the observer,
unless he deliberately closes his eyes and ears, a knowledge of things which, were it
possible to fully portray them to the world, would shock and raise the indignation of all
decent people.
A prominent member of the Anti-Polygamy Society is responsible for
the following anecdote, which is a single illustration of how utterly destructive polygamy
is to the sacred relation of family, and how the hydra-headed monster outrages all the
holiest feelings of the human heart:-
"There is a neighbor of mine, a good elder, who lives his
religion to the extent of having six wives. He bears the reputation of being a good man, a
warm friend, and an obliging, neighbor, and about as just in the treatment of his numerous
families as it is possible to be. He does not pretend to support them all, for he is not
rich by any means, but he tries to give them facilities for contributing to their own
support.
"One wife has cows, and sells milk and butter. Another has a
machine, and takes in sewing; while the daughters from the age of twelve and upwards have
always helped to earn their own living.
"His legal wife is a superior woman, and her large family has
been very well brought up, being exceptionally well behaved for Mormon children. She has,
taken great pains to instruct them herself, [185] and worked very hard to afford them a few more educational
advantages than are enjoyed by the majority of children in Utah.
A
Polygamous Family-From a Photograph
"A short time ago, sickness and death visited the household,
taking away two little ones belonging, to the legal wife, and leaving the other parts of
the family unscathed. It was not said of her, as I have known it to be in other instances,
that the affliction was sent because she opposed the will of the Lord; for I have never
known a woman in all my Mormon experience that was so patient in bearing the cross imposed
by polygamy as was this lovely and devoted wife. And though sometimes the load was almost
too heavy to be borne, yet she never complained or murmured, but strove to think that it
was the will of her Heavenly Father that she should bear it.
"I had been the recipient of many neighborly kindnesses from
both the elder and his wife, since I left the church, as well as in former days, but I was
prevented by illness in my own household from going to see them during the days of their
affliction. When I did go, the poor woman was so prostrated by sorrow and fatigue that she
was unable to be seen.
"I offered a few words of condolence to her husband, asking him
to convey my warmest sympathies to his heart-broken wife. He thanked me for my kindness,
and then said, 'My poor wife is indeed bowed down to the earth with grief; but it is not
so bad for me, for you know, Mrs. D., I still have
sixteen children by the other women! "'
[186] These lines will in all probability be read by many mothers of
dearly loved children. Can one of you imagine yourself weeping over the cold form or the
newly made grave of one of those idolized little ones, and think of your husband consoling
himself with the idea that your loss does not
affect him very much? he can soon forget it
because there are so many more children left him by his other women !
Apropos of this same phase of the subject, there was a funeral in one
of the principal towns in Utah a few months ago, the object of mourning being the only
wife of a brother in the church. Five saintly polygamists officiated at the obsequies, and
all exalted the principles of the Latter-day church, and particularly descanted upon the
loveliness of polygamy. One old Saint, who was the husband of five wives eulogized the
departed sister and deplored the loss of the good brother in being obliged to part from
the faithful companion of his youth, and then said: " We should sympathize with him
more deeply than with many others, for he has lost his only companion. If I should lose one of my companions, I should still have several left to
console and comfort me."
Oh, what a consolation to tender the bereaved heart in such an hour
as this! But each of the other speakers went over the same ground, and gave no greater
consolation than that the brother had been very foolish in not having several wives, so
his loss would not now be that of the solitary one. Another incident, which was related to
us by the daughter of the woman in question, shows how [187] impossible, under this cruel
system, is that mutual sympathy and affection which should exist between husband and wife.
"My mother was quite ill at one time, and I being the eldest
daughter took care of her. I did the best I could for her according to the suggestions of
friends, for we were not permitted to call a doctor. Father used to spend a week in turn
with each of his wives, and when mother was taken sick, which was quite suddenly, her week
was just over, and he was in the next house staying with another woman.
" After a day or two, I became alarmed, and went in there, and
told him I thought mother was very ill and needed more skillful attention than I was able
to give her. I asked him if he would not come in and see her awhile. Before he could
reply, the other woman answered me very sharply, saying mother had her turn the week
before, and should be satisfied with what was right.
"Not noticing her remarks at all. I said, 'Father, mother feels
very badly indeed this evening, and would like to see you particularly. Could you not come
in and sit with her for half an hour? It would cheer her up, and do her so much good.'
"I can't do it, Lucy,' he answered, ' because I have promised
certain to go with Mary here to the ward party to-night. You take good care of her, and if
she is not feeling better in the morning, let me know, and I will have the bishop go in
and lay hands on her. Tell her, I'll try to drop in on Sunday after meeting is over.'
[188] "Mother might
have died a half dozen times over before Sunday; and I was so indignant at his
carelessness that had I been sure she would die the next minute I would neither have gone
after him nor allowed him to be sent for. He did come in on Sunday, but fortunately mother
was so much better by that time that she did not care to see him, and treated him very
coolly.
"He always professed to think a great deal of mother, but could
not pay her the slightest extra attention without getting into trouble with the other
women. I tell you that polygamy is the most heartless and love-destroying system that
could ever have been invented. I was brought up in it, but would rather, a thousand times,
lay a daughter of my own in the grave than see her enter it."
The following is another illustration of the sweet unity and
delightful family relations which are characteristic of the divine ordinance:-
A certain elder in Israel desired to build up a celestial kingdom
after the divinely ordained plan, and married a young widow, against the wishes of his
wife, who had no belief in polygamy. She did not possess that first requisite in a Mormon
woman, " a submissive spirit; " and having no other method of redress, she
sought revenge by the only means in her power-by tormenting her husband and his - second
wife in- all possible ways.
He was determined that the two should live together, as he could not
or would not build another house. But alas for the celestial doctrine ! whatever [189]
advantages it might bring in the future, he soon found from sad experience that it gave no
happiness here. There was no such thing as one moment's peace in the house. He had heard
it said frequently by the high-priests, that if a man could not rule his earthly kingdom,
he would never be fitted to be a king in the world to come. As he was very ambitious for
regal honors, he was in great grief, and much perplexed, how to govern two unruly,
contentious, and exasperated women.
After awhile he found that he must separate them. So he gave each her
own apartments. This did not mend matters at all, but rather made them worse. For he could
not divide his time between them to the satisfaction of either, or to his own convenience.
His business demanded his presence at his store at certain hours. It
would suit Mary to have meals ready only at those hours, and perhaps Jane would take it
into her head to be as contrary as Mary. Then, in addition, each one seemed angry and
jealous when he was with the other, yet during her own time made him as miserable as
possible with her jealousy and recriminations.
While he was with one, the other would frequently apply her ear to
the key-hole of her rival's apartment, to discover what was passing. When the first wife
was too busy to attend the key-hole herself, she would place there her little six-year-old
daughter, and tell her to repeat what she had heard. Of course the child told the most
ridiculous stories, [190] which the mother affected to believe, and repeated to the
husband when he next visited her. All this was the cause of the most bitter quarrels.
As soon as, possible, the husband built a second house a few rods
distant, in which he installed his second wife. But the two women could never come even
within speaking distance of each other without having a quarrel, which often ended in
personal violence, blows being exchanged, hair pulled, and dresses torn in the struggles.
At last, after running away himself, and coming back on account of his children whom he
dearly loved, he was obliged to divorce number two, when peace was again restored to his
earthly home, although at the expense of his heavenly kingdom.
This incident shows how completely polygamy has demoralized the
women, and rendered them fiendish in their dispositions. Both the women in question were
good enough by themselves, and calculated to make loving, tender wives; but the accursed
system brought, as it always does, the very worst passions to the surface, and made each
of them a demon who found delight in tormenting her husband and torturing her rival.
These incidents could be multiplied by hundreds, yes, by thousands,
and yet the truth would not half be told. There are incidents of almost daily occurrence
that could not be repeated, or if they could, would scarcely seem credible, they are so
revolting to every sense of modesty and decency.
Before concluding this chapter on the " Beauties [191] of
Polygamy," we submit the following arraignment of the system, by a lady who was a
Mormon for nearly a score of years, had a large acquaintance with all classes of
polygamous families, both rich and poor, and was in every way competent to pass judgment
on the institution:-
"Mormon polygamy is characterized by deceit and treachery. Men
will break, without the slightest compunction, the most solemn vows that man can pledge to
woman. They will take other wives clandestinely, and then excuse their duplicity by saying
they did it to avoid a row or a scandal; or they were afraid their wives would not consent
to their taking more women; but when it was done, they could not help themselves, and
would be obliged to submit and accept the situation. I could myself mention fifty
instances of the meanest kind of treachery whose terrible results upon the innocent,
trustful victims, are seen in the insane asylum, or the grave.
"Mormon polygamy is characterized by oppression and tyranny. The
worst evils of Negro slavery had no parallel with some of the evils of this nefarious
doctrine. A Mormon not only counts himself the possessor and master of his women bodily,
but he is also the self-constituted owner of their souls. I have known cases where men
have kept their wives in a constant state of anxiety and torment, and rendered their lives
more miserable than can be expressed, by the simple intimation, ' If you won't be submissive, I will get a woman who
will! ' It [192] can easily be seen how this threat, hanging constantly over a woman's
head, terrifies her, until womanhood is gone, and she consents to anything but the loss of
her husband, and the breaking up of her already none too peaceful home.
'Then again there are men who will make a show of gaining the consent
of their wives to take other women, but this is the manner in which it is done: A Saint
becomes acquainted with a woman or girl that attracts his fancy, and he immediately is
filled with the spirit of the Lord. It is wonderful how pious and devoted to religion a
man becomes, and how eager he is to do his Master's bidding in such a case. He then
informs his wife that duty urges him to live up to his privileges and build up his
kingdom.
"If she objects, or is in any way opposed to this phase of duty,
he will say, ' Do as you please, consent or not, it will make no difference to me; but if
you do not, you may take your children and go where you please. You are probably aware
that you have no rights at all in this Territory. But behave yourself, consent quietly and
make no scandal, and I will continue to support you.'
“Cases have come to my own knowledge where first wives have
invited young girls to tea, and entertained them to the best of their ability, all for the
sake of getting from their husbands a few necessaries, a few yards of flannel, or two or
three pairs of shoes for their little children; and perhaps that very same girl would soon
be brought home as wife number two.
[193] "Mormon
polygamy is characterized by brutality. Incidents have come to the knowledge of almost
every Gentile lady who has lived for any length of time in this Territory, and who has
manifested the least interest in investigating the system, which prove that the most
cold-blooded brutality and cruelty are everywhere characteristic of polygamy as it exists
in Utah. The traditions of every settlement, of almost every household, could substantiate
this assertion. The cemeteries of Utah are peopled with women who have died prematurely,
and too often on account of physical violence. A woman's health, and even life, are not
weighed in the balance against the polygamist's desires which he calls the will of the
Lord.
"Mormon polygamy is characterized also by immorality and
licentiousness. It is a notorious fact, and a refutation is challenged from any source,
that the Mormon youth and children are precocious in wickedness to a remarkable degree,
and are entirely lacking in that simplicity and innocence which is an attribute of
children almost the world over. Some of these children, almost from infancy, develop the
lowest and most depraved tastes, and are familiar with the vilest of practices.
"Such relations cannot help blunting the moral sense, and
destroying every vestige of womanly modesty and refinement.
"How can a wife have those holy and tender feelings which should
always be associated with the marriage tie, and which are inseparable from a true [194]
union, when she can speak, and to all appearances calmly, of her husband's having 'gone to
stay with some other woman’?
"What ideas of home love and home associations can children have
who talk about ' father's week at the other house,' and who discuss freely which woman is
his favorite, and why she is so, and which woman's children he is most indulgent to, and
provides for the best?
"There are many good Mormons who pretend to have no doubt as to
the divine origin in polygamy, who are free to admit that the experiment has proved a
failure in this day and generation, and who acknowledge that the majority of men only
enter it from licentious motives, and who have no religious convictions whatever.
"During the twenty years that I was a Mormon, I have known a few
men who embraced the system from pure motives; but a large majority went into it from pure
wickedness. And I assert without any hesitation that polygamy is solely and entirely
responsible for the corruption of our youth, the lax moral principle, the indecency and
shameless practices that prevail all over Utah Territory."
But in the following chapter the results of the system upon the children of
Mormonism will be dwelt upon more particularly.
Next: CHAPTER XVI. THE EFFECTS OF POLYGAMY
Affects Unborn Generations-Young Girls.-Remarkable Statement.-Testimony of
Stenhouse.-House of Correction.-An Apostle's Son.-A Bishop's Hopeful Heir.-Taylor's
Refusal. -" Poor Boy."-Unfortunate Girl.-" Surprised that they Lived
together so Long."-Fifty Children in the Cemetery. Joseph Smith's Son.-" Queen
of the Harem."
Back: CHAPTER XIV. OPEN LETTER TO THE
MORMON WOMEN
Anti-Polygamists Animated Only by Love of Humanity.-A Revelation Cannot Release from
Allegiance to Law.-Fruits of Polygamy.-Geo. Q. Cannon's Four Wives.-Ann Eliza Young's
Suit.-Letter from Ann Eliza Young.-Woman in Utah and Other Sections.
Index: INTRODUCTION AND TABLE OF CONTENTS
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